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Abbreviating references to your sources
| Basic format | Parenthetical citations do not include the word "page" or "pages" or the abbreviations "p." or "pp."--just the page numbers themselves. |
| Section or paragraph numbers instead of page numbers | If an electronic source uses paragraph or section numbers instead of page numbers, use the appropriate abbreviation (e.g., "par." as in the citation to Ross below; see the MLA Handbook, sec. 7.4, for other common abbreviations). |
| Common reference words, publishers' names, and literary works |
Also, use abbreviations for common reference words (e.g., "bk." for "book"), publishers' names, and famous literary and religious works; again see Chapter 7 of the MLA Handbook for lists of abbreviations. |
| Classic prose works | For references to classic prose works, give the page number of the edition, add a semicolon, and then give other identifying information such as chapter or book number. See the MLA Handbook, sec. 6.4.8. |
| Classic plays and poems | In referring to classic verse plays or poems, cite divisions (canto, book, act, etc.). Use "line" or "lines" instead of "l." or "ll." for first references to line numbers; afterwards, use numbers alone. Arabic numbers are recommended. |
