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Reference list entry: Electronic source
| IMPORTANT: for electronic source entries in your reference list, it's crucial to differentiate between electronic versions of print sources and electronic materials that are NOT duplicates of print sources. |
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Electronic versions of print sources |
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| Description |
Electronic versions of print sources reproduce the exact same content, format, and page numbers as the print versions. For these kinds of electronic sources, you need to indicate that you read the source in the electronic version (by placing [Electronic version] after the title of the article), but you do NOT need to provide a retrieval date or a URL. |
| Example |
Knowles, E.S. (1999). Distance matters more than you think!
An artifact clouds interpretation of Latane, Liu, Nowak,
Bonevento, and Zheng's results [Electronic version].
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1045-1048. |
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Electronic materials that are NOT duplicates of print sources |
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| Description |
For electronic materials that are NOT duplicates of print sources (e.g., an organization's web site, an electronic-only journal, etc.), you must provide a retrieval date (because such an electronic source may not be stable; i.e., it may change) and a URL. |
| Examples |
Nelson, G., Westhues, A., & MacLeod, J. (2003, December 18). A
meta-analysis of longitudinal research on preschool prevention
programs for children. Prevention & Treatment 6, Article 31.
Retrieved December 2, 2004, from
http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume6/pre0060031a.html
Dunbar, C. (2004, November 29). Aging in place gracefully. Nursing
Spectrum. Retrieved December 2, 2004, from
http://community.nursingspectrum.com/MagazineArticles/
article.cfm?AID=13219 |
| Because APA guidelines for citing electronic sources are constantly evolving, for the most current principles and samples, you should consult the APA’s own website: http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html |
