General Post-Operative Pain References

1. AO Amata, LT Popo. Analgesia for severe postoperatove pain: a comparison of two methods. Tropical Doctor 1997; 27: 133-4.

2. American Pain Society Quality Care Committee. Quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. JAMA 1995; 23: 1874-80.

3. DM Bach. Implementation of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research postoperative pain management guideline. Nursing Clinics of North America 1995; 30: 515-27.

4. JC Ballantyne, DB Carr, TC Chalmers, KBG Dear, IF Angelillo, F Mosteller. Postoperative controlled analgesia:  meta-analysis of initial randomized control trials.  Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 1993; 5: 12-193.

5. JC Ballantyne, DB Carr, S deFerranti, T Suarez, J Lau, TC Chalmers, IF Angelillo, F Mosteller. The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome: cumulative meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials [see comments]. Anesthesia & Analgesia 1998; 86: 598-612.

6. F Benedetti, S Vighetti, M Amanzio, C Casadia, A Oliaro, B Bergamasco, G Maggi. Dose-response relationship of opioids in nociceptive and neuropathic postoperative pain. Pain 1998; 74: 205-11.

7. L Boegeskov Nielson, EIB Svantesson-Martinsson, IL Bergbom Engberg. An interview study of nurses' assessment and priority of post surgical pain experience. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 10 (1994) 107-114.

8. AR Borromeo, PE Windle. Benchmarking for unrelieved pain in a postanesthesia care unit. [Review] [1 refs] Best Practices & Benchmarking in Healthcare 1997; 2: 20-3.

9. JW Burns, NBA Hodsman, TTC McLintock, FWA Gillies, GNC Kenny, CS  McArdle. The influence of patient characteristics on the requirements for postoperative analgesia.  Anaesthesia 1989; 44: 2-6.

10. C Campese. Development and implementation of a pain management program. AORN Journal 1996; 64: 931-5, 937-40.

11. X Capdevila, Y Barthelet, P Biboulet, Y Ryckwaert, J Rubenovitch, F d'Athis. Effects of perioperative analgesia technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery [see comments]. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 8-15.

12. DB Carr, A Jacox, CR Chapman, et al. Acute Pain Management: Operative or Medical Procedures and Trauma: Clinical Practice Guidelines No. 1 (Rockville: US Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, AHCPR publication 92-0032, 1992).

13. DB Carr. Preempting the memory of pain. JAMA 1998; 279: 114-155.

14. DB Carr, LC Goudas. Acute Pain. Pain 1999; 353: 2051-2058.

15. Carr DB. Goudas LC. Acute pain. [Review] [58 refs] Lancet 1999; 353: 2051-8.

16. DB Carr, C Miaskowski, SC Dedrick, GR Williams. Management of perioperative pain in hospitalized patients: a national survey. Journal of CLinical Anesthesia 1998; 10: 77-85.

17. M Donovan, P Dillon, L McGuire. Incidence and characteristics of pain in a sample of medical-surgical inpatients. Pain 1987; 56: 69-87.

18. E Doyle, GM Bowler. Pre-emptive effect of multimodal analgesia in thoracic surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1998; 80: 147-51.

19. CB Drain. The Post Anesthesia Care Unit: A Critical Care Approach to Post Anesthesia Nursing (ed 3) (Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994).

20. RA Drayer, J Henderson, M Reidenberg. Barriers to better pain control in hospitalized patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1999; 17: 434-440.

21. W Duggleby, J Lander. Cognitive status and postoperative pain: Older adults. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1994; 9: 19-27.

22. AL Francke, HH Abu-Saad, M Grypdonck. Pain assessment and management in surgical cancer patients: pilot and evaluation of a continuing education program. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 1995; 26: 214-218.

23. SA Furdon, M Eastman, K Benjamin, MJ Horgan. Outcome measures after standardized pain management strategies in postoperative patients in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 1998; 12: 58-69.

24. A Gottschalk, DS Smith, DR Jobes, et al. Preemptive epidural analgesia and recovery from radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998; 279: 1076-1082.

25. TH Gould, DL Crosby, M Harmer, SM Lloyd, JN Lunn, GA Rees, DE Roberts, JA Webster. Policy for controlling pain after surgery: effect of sequential changes in management . BMJ 1992; 305: 1187-93.

26. T Goyagi, M Tanaka, T Nishikawa. Oral clonidine premedication enhances postoperative analgesia by epidural morphine. Anesthesia & Analgesia 1999; 89: 1487-91.

27. X Gu, MJ Belgrade. Pain in hospitalized patients with medical illnesses. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 1993; 8: 17-21.

28. J Katz, M Jackson, BP Kavanaugh, et al. Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain 1996; 12: 50-55.

29. BP Kavanagh, J Katz, AN Sandler. Pain control after thoracic surgery. A review of current techniques. [Review] [213 refs] Anesthesiology 1994; 81: 737-59.

30. H Kehlet. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1997; 78: 606-617.

31. H Kehlet, M Werner, F Perkins. Balanced analgesia: what is it and what are its advantages in postoperative pain?.[Review] [42 refs] Drugs 1999; 58: 793-7.

32. H Kehlet. Acute pain control and accelerated postoperative surgical recovery. [Review] [36 refs] Surgical Clinics of North America 1999; 79: 431-43.

33. H Kehlet. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. [Review] [117 refs] British Journal of Anaesthesia 1997; 78: 606-17.

34. EP Lynch, MA Lazor, JE Gellis, J Orav, L Goldman, ER Marcantonio. The impact of postoperative pain on the development of postoperative delirium. Anesthesia & Analgesia 1998; 86: 781-785.

35. RM Marks, EJ Sacher. Undertreatment of medical inpatients with narcotic analgesics. Annals of Internal Medicine 1943; 78: 173-181.

36. FW McNaull, JP McLees, MJ Belyea, EC Clipp. A comparison of educational methods to enhance nursing performance in pain assessment. Journal of continuing Education in Nursing 1992; 23: 267-71.

37. JA McNeill, GD Sherwood, PL Starck, et al. Assessing clinical outcomes: patient satisfaction with pain management. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1998; 16: 29-40.

38. C Miaskowski, R Nichols, R Brody, et al. Assessment of patient satisfaction utilizing the American Pain Society's Quality Assurance Standards on Acute and Cancer-Related Pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1994; 9: 5-11.

39. E Migueles, R Brustowicz. Interdisciplinary quality improvement in the perioperative program. A collaborative model. Nursing Clinics of North America 1997; 32: 215-30.

40. MJ Oakley, JS Smith, JR Anderson, D Fenton-Lee. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of local anaesthetic infusion in day-case inguinal hernia repair. British Journal of Surgery 1998; 85: 797-799.

41. R Oden. Acute postoperative pain: incidence, severity and the etiology of inadequate treatment. Anesthesia Clinics of North America 1989: 7: 1-15.

42. DS O'Riordain, P Kelly, PG Horgan, FBV Keane, WA Tanner. A Randomized controlled trial of extraperitoneal bupivacaine analgesia in laparoscopic hernia repair. American Journal of Surgery 1998; 176: 254-257.

43. J Paice, SM Mahon, M Faut-Callahan. Pain control in hospitalized postsurgical patients. MEDSURG Nursing 1995; 4: 367-372.

44. C Pasero, M McCaffery. Providing epidural: How to maintain a delicate balance. Nursing 99 1999; 34-39.

45. LM Patterson. Implementation of a pain management program in a community hospital. Orthopaedic Nursing 1997: 16: 46-8.

46. PR Picard, MR Tramer, HJ McQuay, RA Moore. Analgesic efficacy of peripheral opioids (all except intra-articular): a qualitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. [Review] [48 refs] Pain 1997; 72: 309-18.

47. SS Reuben, NR Connelly, R Steinberg. Ketorolac as an adjunct to patient-controlled morphine in postoperative spine surgery patients. Regional Anesthesia 1997; 22: 343-346.

48. SS Reuben, RB Steinberg RB, MA Cohen, PA Kilaru, CS Gibson. Intraarticular morphine in the multimodal analgesic management of postoperative pain after ambulatory anterior cruciate ligament repair. Anesthesia & Analgesia 1998; 86: 374-8.

49. H Rittenmeyer, D Dolezal, E Vogel. Pain management: a quality improvement project. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 1997; 12: 329-335.

50. DW Roberge, M McEwan. The effects of local anesthetics on postoperative pain. AORN Journal 1998; 68: 1003-1012.

51. J Rosenberg, H Kehlet. Does effective postoperative pain management influence surgical morbidity?. [Review] [13 refs] European Surgical Research 1999; 31: 133-7.

52. SJ Senecal. Advances in pediatric pain management. Nursing Spectrum (D.C./Baltimore Metro Edition) 1998: 8: 19.

53. FJ Singelyn, M Deyaert, K Joris, E Pendeveille, JM Gouverneur. Effects of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, continuous epidural analgesia, and continuous three-in-one block on postoperative pain and knee rehabilitation after unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Anesthesia & Analgesia 1998; 87: 88-92.

54. A Sunshine, NZ Olson, A Colon, J Rivera, RF Kaiko, RD Fitzmartin, RF Reder, PD Goldenheim. Analgesic efficacy of controlled-release oxycodone in postoperative pain. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1996; 36: 595-603.

55. T Tasmuth, K von Smitten, P Hietanen, M Kataja, et al. Pain and other symptoms after different treatment modalities of breast cancer. Annals of Oncology 1995; 6: 453-459.

56. SE Ward, D Gordon. Application of the American Pain Society quality assurance standards. Pain 1994; 56: 299-306.

57. SE Ward, DB Gordon. Patient satisfaction and pain severity as outcomes in pain management: a longitudinal view of one setting's experience. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 1996; 11: 242-51.

58. CH Wilder-Smith, L Schuler. Postoperative analgesia: pain by choice? The influence of patient attitudes and patient education. Pain 1992; 50: 257-262.