Food Research Institute: CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) references

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for information on CLA contact Dr. Michael W. Pariza [ mwpariza@wisc.edu ]

References on Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
updated 18 July 2007

year of publication: | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | prior to 2000 |

2006
Analytical Methods	for detection of CLA and its isomers
Effect of Diet	and other conditions on CLA levels in animals and animal products
Food, CLA content
General Articles and Reviews	If review articles can fit into one other category, e.g. Food, then they are put into that category; if they cover material that would be in more than one category, then they will be here in "General"
Physiological Effects of CLA (includes fat/protein levels, anticarcinogenic effects, etc.):	in Human Studies; in Laboratory Animals, Companion Animals (pets); in Food/Farm Animals (ruminants, swine, poultry, fish); in Cell Cultures, In Vitro Studies
Synthesis of CLA	in vitro, microbial, plant

added 6/15/07

Johansson B, Nadeau E. Performance of dairy cows fed an entirely organic diet containing cold-pressed rapeseed cake. Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. A Anim. Sci. 56(3-4):128–136 (2006).

added 4/20/07

Duynisveld JL, Charmley E, Mir P. Meat quality and fatty acid composition of pasture-finished beef steers fed barley and soybeans. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86(4):535–545 (2006).
Zhang RH, Mustafa AF, Zhao X. Blood metabolites and fatty acid composition of milk and cheese from ewes fed oilseeds. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86(4):547–556 (2006).

added 3/23/07

Panghyova E, Kacenova D, Hajduskova S, Matulova M, Kiss E. Influence of free linoleic acid on the fatty acids profile of fermentation by selected probiotic bacteria. J. Food Nutr. Res. 45(4):159–165 (2006).

2006

Analytical Methods return to top

Aldai N, Osoro K, Barron LJR, Najera AI. Gas-liquid chromatographic method for analysing complex mixtures of fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acids (cis9trans11 and trans10cis12 isomers) and long-chain (n-3 or n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids - Application to the intramuscular fat of beef meat. J. Chromatogr. A 1110(1–2):133–139 (2006).
Bicanic D, Mocnik G, Franko M, Niederlander HAG, van de Bovenkamp P, Cozijnsen J. Separation and direct detection of long chain fatty acids and their methylesters by the non-aqueous reversed phase HPLC and silver ion chromatography, combined with CO laser pumped thermal lens spectrometry. Instrumentation Sci. Technol. 34(1–2):129–150 (2006).
de la Fuente MA, Luna P, Juarez M. Chromatographic techniques to determine conjugated linoleic acid isomers. TRAC Trends Anal. Chem. 25(9):917–926 (2006).
Jung MY, Kim GB, Jang ES, Jung YK, Park SY, Lee BH. Improved extraction method with hexane for gas chromatographic analysis of conjugated linoleic acids. J. Dairy Sci. 89(1):90–94 (2006).
Liavonchanka A, Hornung E, Feussner I, Rudolph M. In-house SIRAS phasing of the polyunsaturated fatty-acid isomerase from Propionibacterium acnes. Acta Crystallographica Sect. F Structural Biol. Crystallization Commun. 62:153–156 Part 2 (2006).
Muller A, Markus MB, Geyer R, Ringseis R, Eder K, Steinhart H. Identification of conjugated linoleic acid elongation and beta-oxidation products by coupled silver-ion HPLC APPI-MS. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Tech. Biomed. Life Sci. 837(1-2):147–152 (2006).

Effects of Diet and Other Conditions on CLA in Animals and Animal Products return to top

Akraim F, Nicot MC, Weill P, Enjalbert F. Effects of preconditioning and extrusion of linseed on the ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids. 1. In vivo studies. Anim. Res. 55(2):83–91 (2006).
Alfaia CMM, Ribeiro VSS, Lourenco MRA, Quaresma MAG, Martins SIV, Portugal A, Fontes CMGA, Bessa RJB, Castro MLF, Prates JAM. Fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid isomers and cholesterol in beef from crossbred bullocks intensively produced and from Alentejana purebred bullocks reared according to Carnalentejana-PDO specifications. Meat Sci. 72(3):425–436 (2006).
Allred SL, Dhiman TR, Brennand CP, Khanal RC, McMahon DJ, Luchini ND. Milk and cheese from cows fed calcium salts of palm and fish oil alone or in combination with soybean products. J. Dairy Sci. 89(1):234–248 (2006).
Anderson JL, Schingoethe DJ, Kalscheur KF, Hippen AR. Evaluation of dried and wet distillers grains included at two concentrations in the diets of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89(8):3133–3142 (2006).
de Andrade PVD, Schmidely P. Effect of duodenal infusion of trans10,cis12-CLA on milk performance and milk fatty acid profile in dairy goats fed high or low concentrate diet in combination with rolled canola seed. Reproduction Nutr. Develop. 46(1):31–48 (2006).
Andrade PVD, Schmidely P. Influence of percentage of concentrate in combination with rolled canola seeds on performance, rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition in dairy goats. Livestock Sci. 104(1–2):77–90 (2006).
Atti N, Rouissi H, Othmane MH. Milk production, milk fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in dairy ewes raised on feedlot or grazing pasture. Livestock Sci. 104(1–2):121–127 (2006).
Atti N, Mahouachi M, Rouissi H. The effect of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica f. inermis) supplementation on growth, carcass, meat quality and fatty acid composition of male goat kids. Meat Sci. 73(2):229–235 (2006).
Bargo F, Delahoy JE, Schroeder GF, Muller LD. Milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances and supplemented with different levels and sources of concentrate. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 125(1–2):17–31 (2006).
Bargo F, Delahoy JE, Schroeder GF, Baumgard LH, Muller LD. Supplementing total mixed rations with pasture increase the content of conjugated linoleic acid in milk. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):226-240 (2006).
Bell JA, Griinari JM, Kennelly JJ. Effect of safflower oil, flaxseed oil, monensin, and vitamin E on concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 89(2):733–748 (2006).
Bilby TR, Jenkins T, Staples CR, Thatcher WW. Pregnancy, bovine somatotropin, and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lactating dairy cows: III. Fatty acid distribution. J. Dairy Sci. 89(9):3386–3399 (2006).
Buccioni A, Antongiovanni M, Petacchi F, Mele M, Serra A, Secchiari P, Benvenuti D. Effect of dietary fat quality on C-18 : 1 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid production: An in vitro rumen fermentation study. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 127(3–4):268–282 (2006).
Cabiddu A, Addis M, Pinna G, Decandia M, Sitzia M, Piredda G, Pirisi A, Molle G. Effect of corn and beet pulp based concentrates on sheep milk and cheese fatty acid composition when fed Mediterranean fresh forages with particular reference to conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):292-311 (2006).
Cabiddu A, Addis M, Pinna G, Spada S, Fiori M, Sitzia M, Pirisi A, Piredda G, Molle G. The inclusion of a daisy plant (Chrysanthemum coronarium) in dairy sheep diet. 1: Effect on milk and cheese fatty acid composition with particular reference to C18 : 2 cis-9, trans-11. Livestock Sci. 101(1–3):57–67 (2006).
Castillo AR, Taverna MA, Paez RR, Cuatrin A, Colombatto D, Bargo F, Garcia MS, Garcia PT, Chavez M, Beaulieu AD, Drackley JK. Fatty acid composition of milk from dairy cows fed fresh alfalfa based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):241-254 (2006).
Chilliard Y, Rouel J, Leroux C. Goat's alpha-s1 casein genotype influences its milk fatty acid composition and delta-9 desaturation ratios. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):474-487 (2006).
Choi SH, Wang JH, Kim YJ, Oh YK, Song MK. Effect of soybean oil supplementation on the contents of plasma cholesterol and Cis9, trans11-CLA of the fat tissues in sheep. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 19(5):679–683 (2006).
Costa P, Roseiro LC, Partidario A, Alves V, Bessa RJB, Calkins CR, Santos C. Influence of slaughter season and sex on fatty acid composition, cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol contents on different muscles of Barrosa-PDO veal. Meat Sci. 72(1):130–139 (2006).
Couvreur S, Hurtaud C, Lopez C, Delaby L, Peyraud JL. The linear relationship between the proportion of fresh grass in the cow diet, milk fatty acid composition, and butter properties. J. Dairy Sci. 89(6):1956–1969 (2006).
De La Torre A, Gruffat D, Durand D, Micol D, Peyron A, Scislowski V, Bauchart D. Factors influencing proportion and composition of CLA in beef. Meat Sci. 73(2):258–268 (2006).
Dewhurst RJ, Shingfield KJ, Lee MRF, Scollan ND. Increasing the concentrations of beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk produced by dairy cows in high-forage systems. (Review.) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):168-206 (2006).
Duynisveld JL, Charmley E, Mir P. Meat quality and fatty acid composition of pasture-finished beef steers fed barley and soybeans. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86(4):535–545 (2006).
Eifert EDC, Lana RDP, Lanna DP, Leopoldino WM, Arcuri PB, Leao MI, Cota MR, Valadares SD. Milk fatty acid profile of cows fed monensin and soybean oil in early lactation. Brazilian J. Anim. Sci. 35(1):219–228 (2006).
Eifert ED, Lana RD, Lanna DPD, Teixeira RMA, Arcuri PB, Leao MI, de Oliveira MVM, Valadares SD. Milk fatty acid profile and milk conjugated linoleic acid content of dairy cows fed diets with different carbohydrate sources with or without soybean oil supplementation. [Portugese] Brazilian J. Anim. Sci. 35(4):1829–1837 Suppl. S (2006).
Elgersma A, Tamminga S, Ellen G. Modifying milk composition through forage. (Review.) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):207-225 (2006).
Ettle T, Roth FX. Influence of feeding on the carcass composition of broiler chickens. Fleischwirtschaft 86(2):A104–A106 (2006).
Ferlay A, Martin B, Pradel P, Coulon JB, Chilliard Y. Influence of grass-based diets on milk fatty acid composition and milk lipolytic system in tarentaise and Montbeliarde cow breeds. J. Dairy Sci. 89(10):4026–4041 (2006).
Flachowsky G, Erdmann K, Huther L, Jahreis G, Mockel P, Lebzien P. Influence of roughage/concentrate ratio and linseed oil on the concentration of trans-fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in duodenal chyme and milk fat of late lactating cows. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 60(6):501–511 (2006).
Floris R, Dekker R, Slangen C, Ellen G. Influence of pasture feeding and stall feeding on CLA and other fatty acids in bovine milkfat. Australian J. Dairy Technol. 61(1):13–20 (2006).
Gomez-Conde MS, Menoyo D, Chamorro S, Lopez-Bote CJ, Garcia-Rebollar P, De Blas JC. Conjugated linoleic acid content in cecotrophes, suprarenaland intramuscular fat in rabbits fed commercial diets. World Rabbit Sci. 14(2):95–99 (2006).
Harvatine KJ, Allen MS. Effects of fatty acid supplements on milk yield and energy balance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89(3):1081–1091 (2006).
Harvatine KJ, Allen MS. Fat supplements affect fractional rates of ruminal fatty acid biohydrogenation and passage in dairy cows. J. Nutr. 136(3):677–685 (2006).
Hwangbo J, Kim JH, Lee BS, Kang SW, Chang J, Bae HD, Lee MS, Kim YJ, Choi NJ. Increasing content of healthy fatty acids in egg yolk of laying hens by cheese byproduct. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 19(3):444–449 (2006).
Johansson B, Nadeau E. Performance of dairy cows fed an entirely organic diet containing cold-pressed rapeseed cake. Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. A Anim. Sci. 56(3-4):128–136 (2006).
Koppova I, Lukas F, Kopecny J. Effect of fatty acids on growth of conjugated-linoleic-acids-producing bacteria in rumen. Folia Microbiol. 51(4):291–293 (2006).
Kudrna V, Marounek M. The influence of feeding rapeseed cake and extruded soyabean on the performance of lactating cows and the fatty acid pattern of milk. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 15(3):361–369 (2006).
Lake SL, Scholljegerdes EJ, Weston TR, Rule DC, Hess BW. Postpartum supplemental fat, but not maternal body condition score at parturition, affects plasma and adipose tissue fatty acid profiles of suckling beef calves. J. Anim. Sci. 84(7):1811–1819 (2006).
Lanza M, Bella M, Priolo A, Barbagallo D, Galofaro V, Landi C, Pennisi P. Lamb meat quality as affected by a natural or artificial milk feeding regime. Meat Sci. 73(2):313–318 (2006).
Lee MRF, Connelly PL, Tweed JKS, et al. Effects of high-sugar ryegrass silage and mixtures with red clover silage on ruminant digestion. 2. Lipids. J. Anim. Sci. 84(11):3061–3070 (2006).
Lee MRF, Tweed JKS, Dewhurst RJ, Scollan ND. Effect of forage : concentrate ratio on ruminal metabolism and duodenal flow of fatty acids in beef steers. Anim. Sci. 82:31–40 Part 1 (2006).
Li YL, Meng QX. Effect of different types of fibre supplemented with sunflower oil on ruminal fermentation and production of conjugated linoleic acids in vitro. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 60(5):402-411 (2006).
Lucas A, Agabriel C, Martin B, Ferlay A, Verdier-Metz I, Coulon JB, Rock E. Relationships between the conditions of cow's milk production and the contents of components of nutritional interest in raw milk farmhouse cheese. Lait 86(3):177–202 (2006).
Mach N, Devant M, Diaz I, Font-Furnols M, Oliver MA, Garcia JA, Bach A. Increasing the amount of n-3 fatty acid in meat from young Holstein bulls through nutrition. J. Anim. Sci. 84(11):3039–3048 (2006).
Maia FJ, Branco AF, Mouro GF, Coneglian SM, dos Santos GT, Minella TF, Guimaraes KC. Feeding vegetable oil to lactating goats: milk production and composition and milk fatty acids profile. Brazilian J. Anim. Sci. 35(4):1504–1513 (2006).
Manning BB, Li MH, Robinson EH, Peterson BC. Enrichment of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets with conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids by dietary manipulation. Aquaculture 261(1):337–342 (2006).
Mele M, Buccioni A, Petacchi F, Enjalbert F. Effect of forage/concentrate ratio and soybean oil supplementation on milk yield, and composition from Sarda ewes. Anim. Res. 55(4):273–285 (2006).
Mosley EE, Shafii B, Moate PJ, McGuire MA. cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized directly from vaccenic acid in lactating dairy cattle. J. Nutr. 136(3):570–575 (2006).
Nielsen TS, Straarup EM, Vestergaard M, Sejrsen K. Effect of silage type and concentrate level on conjugated linoleic acids, trans-C18:1 isomers and fat content in milk from dairy cows. Reproduction Nutr. Development 46(6):699–712 (2006).
Nudda A, Battacone G, Usai MG, Fancellu S, Pulina G. Supplementation with extruded linseed cake affects concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid in goat milk. J. Dairy Sci. 89(1):277–282 (2006).
Padre RDG, Aricetti JA, Moreira FB, Mizubuti IY, do Prado IN, Visentainer JV, de Souza NE, Matsushita M. Fatty acid profile, and chemical composition of Longissimus muscle of bovine steers and bulls finished in pasture system. Meat Sci. 74(2):242–248 (2006).
Palmquist DL, Griinari JM. Milk fatty acid composition in response to reciprocal combinations of sunflower and fish oils in the diet. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):358-369 (2006).
Ponnampalam EN, Mann NJ, Sinclair AJ. Effect of feeding systems on omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acids in Australian beef cuts: potential impact on human health. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr. 15(1):21–29 (2006).
Pulina G, Nudda A, Battacone G, Cannas A. Effects of nutrition on the contents of fat, protein, somatic cells, aromatic compounds, and undesirable substances in sheep milk. (Review.) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):255-291 (2006).
Randel PF. Solurmax (TM) feeding to dairy cows in confinement and effects on milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration. J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 90 (1-2):139-143 (2006).
Reynolds CK, Cannon VL, Loerch SC. Effects of forage source and supplementation with soybean and marine algal oil on milk fatty acid composition of ewes. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 131(3-4):333-357 (2006).
Roy A, Ferlay A, Chilliard Y. Production of butter fat rich in trans10-C18 : 1 for use in biomedical studies in rodents. Reproduct. Nutr. Devel. 46(2):211–218 (2006).
Roy A, Ferlay A, Shingfield KJ, Chilliard Y. Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid composition responses to plant oils in cows given different basal diets, with particular emphasis on trans-C-18 : 1 fatty acids and isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Anim. Sci. 82:479-492 Part 4 (2006).
Sami AS, Koegel J, Eichinger H, Serra A, Banni S, Antongiovanni M, Secchiari P. Effects of the dietary energy source on meat quality and eating quality attributes and fatty acid profile of Simmental bulls. Anim. Res. 55(4):287–299 (2006)
Schnackel W, Schnackel D, Fahr RD, Schmidt R, Wiegand D, Knape C. Meat quality from cattle kept with extensive grazing - 3. Fatty acid composition of the intramuscular fat by the musculus longissimus dorsi. Fleischwirtschaft 86(3):143–147 (2006).
Scollan N, Hocquette JF, Nuernberg K, Dannenberger D, Richardson I, Moloney A. Innovations in beef production systems that enhance the nutritional and health value of beef lipids and their relationship with meat quality. Meat Sci. 74(1):17–33 (2006).
Shah MA, Mir PS, Aalhus JL, Basarab J, Okine EK. Effects of sunflower seed inclusion in finishing diets for steers on performance, carcass characteristics, muscle and adipose fatty acid composition and meat quality. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 86(1):37–48 (2006).
Shingfield KJ, Reynolds CK, Hervas G, Griinari JM, Grandison AS, Beever DE. Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid composition responses to fish oil and sunflower oil in the diet of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89(2):714–732 (2006).
Shingfield KJ, Toivonen V, Vanhatalo A, Huhtanen P, Griinari JM. Short communication: Indigestible markers reduce the mammary Delta(9)-desaturase index and alter the milk fatty acid composition in cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89(8):3006–3010 (2006).
Soder KJ, Sanderson MA, Stack JL, Muller LD. Intake and performance of lactating cows grazing diverse forage mixtures. J. Dairy Sci. 89(6):2158–2167 (2006).
Soyeurt H, Dardenne P, Gillon A, Croquet C, Vanderick S, Mayeres P, Bertozzi C, Gengler N. Variation in fatty acid contents of milk and milk fat within and across breeds. J. Dairy Sci. 89(12):4858–4865 (2006).
Troegeler-Meynadier A, Nicot MC, Enjalbert F. Effects of heating process of soybeans on ruminal production of conjugated linoleic acids and trans-octadecenoic acids in situ. Rev. Med. Vet. 157(10):509–514 (2006).
Tsiplakou E, Mountzouris KC, Zervas G. Concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in grazing sheep and goat milk fat. Livestock Sci. 103(1–2):74–84 (2006).
Tsiplakou E, Mountzouris KC, Zervas G. The effect of breed, stage of lactation and parity on sheep milk fat CLA content under the same feeding practices. Livestock Sci. 105(1–3):162–167 (2006).
de Veth MJ, Castaneda-Gutierrez E, Dwyer DA, Pfeiffer AM, Putnam DE, Bauman DE. Response to conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows differing in energy and protein status. J. Dairy Sci. 89(12):4620–4631 (2006).
Wang JH, Choi SH, Lim KW, Kim KH, Song MK. Effect of the mixed oil and monensin supplementation, and feeding duration of supplements on c9,t11-CLA contents in plasma and fat tissues of Korean native (Hanwoo) steers. Asian Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 19(10):1464–1469 (2006).
Wasowska I, Maia MRG, Niedzwiedzka KM, Czauderna M, Ribeiro JMCR, Devillard E, Shingfield KJ, Wallace RJ. Influence of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids. Brit. J. Nutr. 95(6):1199–1211 (2006).
Whitlock LA, Schingoethe DJ, AbuGhazaleh AA, Hippen AR, Kalscheur KF. Milk production and composition from cows fed small amounts of fish oil with extruded soybeans. J. Dairy Sci. 89(10):3972–3980 (2006).
Xu CX, Lee H, Lee B, Wang JH, Hong ZS, Kim TY, Kang SK, Choi NG, Roh S, Choi Y. Production of lean beef containing a high content of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid by feeding a high-temperature-micro-time-treated diet with extruded soybean. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 70(11):2589–2597 (2006).
Yanez-Ruiz DR, Scollan ND, Merry RJ, Newbold CJ. Contribution of rumen protozoa to duodenal flow of nitrogen, conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid in steers fed silages differing in their water-soluble carbohydrate content. Brit. J. Nutr. 96(5):861–869 (2006).
Zhang RH, Mustafa AF, Zhao X. Effects of feeding oilseeds rich in linoleic and linolenic fatty acids to lactating ewes on cheese yield and on fatty acid composition of milk and cheese. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 127(3–4):220–233 (2006).
Zhang R, Mustafa AF, Zhao X. Effects of flaxseed supplementation to lactating ewes on milk composition, cheese yield, and fatty acid composition of milk and cheese. Small Ruminant Res. 63(3):233–241 (2006).
Zhang RH, Mustafa AF, Zhao X. Blood metabolites and fatty acid composition of milk and cheese from ewes fed oilseeds. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86(4):547–556 (2006).
Zhang YZ, Kong XH, Zhu XP, Wang RL, Yan YC, Jia ZH. Effect of forage to concentrate ratio and monensin supplementation on cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid and trans-11 octadecenoic acid concentrations of ruminal contents and plasma in sheep. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 19(5):699–704 (2006).

Food, CLA levels in return to top

Aldai N, Murray BE, Olivan M, Martinez A, Troy DJ, Osoro K, Najera AI. The influence of breed and mh-genotype on carcass conformation, meat physico-chemical characteristics, and the fatty acid profile of muscle from yearling bulls. Meat Sci. 72(3):486–495 (2006).
Alfaia CMM, Quaresma MAG, Castro MLF, Martins SIV, Portugal APV, Fontes CMGA, Bessa RJB, Prates JAM. Fatty acid composition, including isomeric profile of conjugated linoleic acid, and cholesterol in Mertolenga-PDO beef. J. Sci. Food Agric. 86(13):2196–2205 (2006).
Arihara K. Strategies for designing novel functional meat products. Meat Sci. 74(1):219–229 (2006).
Averette Gatlin L, See MT, Larick DK, Odle J. Descriptive flavor analysis of bacon and pork loin from lean-genotype gilts fed conjugated linoleic acid and supplemental fat. J. Anim. Sci. 84(12):3381–3386 (2006).
Aydin R. Effect of storage temperature on the quality of eggs from conjugated linoleic acid-fed laying hens. South African J. Anim. Sci. 36(1):13–19 (2006).Baublits RT, Brown AH, Pohlman FW, Rule DC, Johnson ZB, Onks DO, Murrieta CM, Richards CJ, Loveday HD, Sandelin BA, Pugh RB. Fatty acid and sensory characteristics of beef from three biological types of cattle grazing cool-season forages supplemented with soyhulls. Meat Sci. 72(1):100–107 (2006).
Baublits RT, Pohlman FW, Brown AH, Rule DC, Johnson ZB, Onks DO, Murrieta CM, Sandelin BA, Richards CJ, Loveday HD, Pugh RB. Comparison of fatty acid and sensory profiles of beef from forage-fed cattle with retail united states department of agriculture choice and select beef. J. Muscle Foods 17(3):311–329 (2006).
Chamba JF, Chardigny JM, Gnadig S, Perreard E, Chappaz S, Rickert R, Steinhart H, Sebedio JL. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of French Emmental cheese: effect of the season, region of production, processing and culinary preparation. Lait 86(6):461–467 (2006).
Chung KY, Lunt DK, Choi CB, Chae SH, Rhoades RD, Adams TH, Booren B, Smith SB. Lipid characteristics of subcutaneous adipose tissue and M-longissimus thoracis of Angus and Wagyu steers fed to US and Japanese endpoints. Meat Sci. 73(3):432–441 (2006).
Ellis KA, Innocent G, Grove-White D, Cripps P, McLean WG, Howard CV, Mihm M. Comparing the fatty acid composition of organic and conventional milk. J. Dairy Sci. 89(6):1938–1950 (2006).
Givens DI, Khem KE, Gibbs RA. The role of meat as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the human diet. Meat Sci. 74(1):209–218 (2006).
Glew RH, Herbein JH, Ma I, Obadofin M, Wark WA, VanderJagt DJ. The trans fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of Fulani butter oil in Nigeria. J. Food Comp. Anal. 19(6-7):704–710 (2006).
Grashorn M. Poultry meat as functional food - Enrichment with conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids and selenium and impact on meat quality. Fleischwirtschaft 86(2):A100–A103 (2006).
Hah KH, Yang HS, Hur SJ, Moon SS, Ha YL, Park GB, Joo ST. Effect of substituted conjugated linoleic acid for fat on meat qualities, lipid oxidation and residual nitrite content in emulsion-type sausage. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 19(5):744–750 (2006).
Hayes M, Coakley M, O'Sullivan L, Stanton C, Hill C, Fitzgerald GF, Murphy JJ, Ross RP. Cheese as a delivery vehicle for probiotics and biogenic substances. Australian J. Dairy Technol. 61(2):132–141 (2006).
Henning DR, Baer RJ, Hassan AN, Dave R. Major advances in concentrated and dry milk products, cheese, and milk fat-based spreads. J. Dairy Sci. 89(4):1179–1188 (2006).
Jimenez M, Garcia HS, Beristain CI. Spray-dried encapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with polymeric matrices. J. Sci. Food Agric. 86(14):2431–2437 (2006).
Kumar VV, Sharma V, Bector BS. Effect of ripening on total conjugated linoleic acid and its isomers in buffalo Cheddar cheese. Int. J. Dairy Technol. 59(4):257–260 (2006).
Ledoux M, Laloux L. Rumenic acid contents evolution from milk to butter: seasonal and regional variations. Sci. Aliments 26(2):123–141 (2006).
Ledoux M, Laloux L. Conjugated linoleic acids: occurrence in food and physiological properties. Review. Sci. Aliments 26(4):291–314 (2006).
Lee JH, Kannan G, Kouakou B. Concentration and distribution of conjugated linoleic acids and trans-fatty acids in small ruminant milk and meat lipids. J. Food Lipids 13(1):100–111 (2006).
Leroy F, Verluyten J, De Vuyst L. Functional meat starter cultures for improved sausage fermentation. Internat. J. Food Microbiol. 106(3):270–285 (2006).
Monteiro ACG, Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJB, Navas DR, Lemos JPC. Fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat of bulls and steers. Livestock Sci. 99(1):13–19 (2006).
Nuernberg K, Kuechenmeister U, Nuernberg G, Hartung M, Dannenberger D, Ender K. Effect of storage and grilling on fatty acids in muscle of pigs fed plant oils. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 108(7):554–560 (2006).
Pieszka M, Pasciak P, Janik A, Barowicz T, Wojtysiak D, Migdal W. The effect of sex and dietary antioxidants beta-carotene, vitamins C and E in a CLA-enriched diet on the lipid profile and oxidative stability of pork meat. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 15(1):37–45 (2006).
Schmid A, Collomb M, Sieber R, Bee G. Conjugated linoleic acid in meat and meat products: A review. Meat Sci. 73(1):29–41 (2006).
Scolozzi C, Martini M, Salari F. Different fatty acids composition of fat globule core and membrane in ewe's milk. Milk Sci. Internat. 61(4):397-400 (2006).
Talpur FN, Bhanger MI, Khuhawar MY. Comparison of fatty acids and cholesterol content in the milk of Pakistani cow breeds. J. Food Comp. Anal. 19(6-7):698–703 (2006).
Xu S, Boylston TD, Glatz BA. Effect of inoculation level of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and yogurt cultures on conjugated linoleic acid content and quality attributes of fermented milk products. J. Food Sci. 71(4):C275–C280 (2006).
Yan HJ, Lee EJ, Nam KC, Min BR, Ahn DU. Effects of dietary functional ingredients and packaging methods on sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance of irradiated turkey breast meat. Poultry Sci. 85(8):1482–1489 (2006).
Yan HJ, Lee EJ, Nam KC, Min BR, Ahn DU. Effects of dietary functional ingredients and irradiaton on the quality of cooked turkey breast meat durong storage. J. Food Sci. 71(9):C556-C563 (2006).

General Articles and Reviews return to top

Bhattacharya A, Banu J, Rahman M, Causey J, Fernandes G. Biological effects of conjugated linoleic acids in health and disease. (Review.) J. Nutr. Biochem. 17(12):789–810 (2006).
Collomb M, Schmid A, Sieber R, Wechsler D, Ryhanen EL . Conjugated linoleic acids in milk fat: Variation and physiological effects. Review. Internat. Dairy J. 16(11):1347–1361 (2006).
Domeneghini C, Di Giancamillo A, Corino C. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and white adipose tissue: how both in vitro and in vivo studies tell the story of a relationship. Histol. Histopathol. 21(4-6):663–672 (2006).
Feng X, Wang CX, Lin BR, Xu F. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated linoleic acid polymeric micelles for paclitaxel delivery. Colloid J. 68(6):779–783 (2006).
Funck LG, Barrera-Arellano D, Block JM. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors. Arch. Latinoamerican. Nutr. 56(2):123–134 (2006).
German JB, Dillard CJ. Composition, structure and absorption of milk lipids: A source of energy, fat-soluble nutrients and bioactive molecules. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 46(1):57–92 (2006).
Huth PJ, DiRienzo DB, Miller GD. Major scientific advances with dairy foods in nutrition and health. J. Dairy Sci. 89(4):1207–1221 (2006).
Ide T. CLA (conjugated linoleic acid). J. Japanese Soc. Food Sci. Technol. 53(8):447–447 (2006).
Jenkins TC, McGuire MA. Major advances in nutrition: Impact on milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 89(4):1302–1310 (2006).
Karamichou E, Richardson RI, Nute GR, Croquet C, Vanderick S, Mayeres P, Bertozzi C, Gengler N. Genetic analyses and quantitative trait loci detection, using a partial genome scan, for intramuscular fatty acid composition in Scottish Blackface sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 84(12):3228–3238 (2006).
Kovacs EMR, Mela DJ. Metabolically active functional food ingredients for weight control. Obesity Rev. 7(1):59–78 (2006).
McIntosh G, Roupas P, Royle P. Cheese, omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and human health. Australian J. Dairy Technol. 61(2):142–146 (2006).
Mensink RP. Dairy products and the risk to develop type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Internat. Dairy J. 16(9):1001–1004 (2006).
Milewski S. Health-promoting properties of sheep products. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 62(5):516-519 (2006).
Mir PS, Bittman S, Hunt D, Entz T, Yip B. Lipid content and fatty acid composition of grasses sampled on different dates through the early part of the growing season. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 86(2):279-290 (2006).
Mozaffarian D, Katan MB, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Medical progress - Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. New Engl. J. Med. 354(15):1601-1613 (2006).
Navarro V, Fernandez-Quintela A, Churruca I, Portillo MP. The body fat-lowering effect of conjugated linoleic acid: a comparison between animal and human studies. (Review) J. Physiol. Biochem. 62(2):137–147 (2006).
Park CG, Park GB, Kim YS, Kim SJ, Min DB, Ha YL. Production of silkworms with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) incorporated into their lipids by dietary CLA. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54(18):6572–6577 (2006).
Peng YN, West GE, Wang C. Consumer attitudes and acceptance of CLA-enriched dairy products. Can. J. Agric. Econ. 54(4):663–684 (2006).
Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J. Impact of trans fatty acids of ruminant origin compared with those from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on CHD risk. Review. Internat. Dairy J. 16(11):1383–1388 (2006).
Poole E, McQueen CE. Conjugated linoleic acid. Am. J. Health-System Pharmacy 63(21):2056, 2058, 2060–2062 (2006).
Riserus U. Trans fatty acids and insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis Supplements 7(2):37–39 (2006).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Humans return to top

Colakoglu S, Colakoglu M, Taneli F, Cetinoz F, Turkmen M. Cumulative effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on endurance development, body composition, serum leptin and insulin levels. J. Sports Med. Physical Fitness 46(4):570-577 (2006).
Einerhand S. New insight: Clarinol (TM) CLA helps overweight and obese people lose fat where it matters most. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech 17(5):XII-XIII (Sept-Oct) (2006).
Glew RH, Herbein JH, Moya MH, ValdeZ JM, Obadofin M, Wark WA, VanderJagt DJ. Trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in the milk of urban women and nomadic Fulani of northern Nigeria. Clin. Chim. Acta 367(1–2):48–54 (2006).
Haro AM, Artacho R, Cabrera-Vique C. Linoleic conjugated acid: current interest in human nutrition. (Review.) Med. Clin. 127(13):508–515 (2006).
Herrera JA, Arevalo-Herrera M, Shahabuddin AKM, Ersheng G, Herrera S, Garcia RG, Lopez-Jaramillo P. Calcium and conjugated linoleic acid reduces pregnancy-induced hypertension and decreases intracellular calcium in lymphocytes. Am. J. Hypertens. 19(4):381–387 (2006).
Kuhnt K, Kraft J, Moeckel P, Jahreis G. Trans-11-18:1 is effectively Delta 9-desaturated compared with trans-12-18:1 in humans. Brit. J. Nutr. 95(4):752–761 (2006).
Kuhnt K, Wagner A, Kraft J, Basu S, Jahreis G. Dietary supplementation with 11trans- and 12trans-18:1 and oxidative stress in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84(5):981–988 (2006).
Larsen TM, Toubro S, Gudmundsen A, Astrup A. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regain. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83(3):606–612 (2006).
Mosley EE, McGuire MK, Williams JE, McGuire MA. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized from vaccenic acid in lactating women. J. Nutr. 136(9):2297–2301 (2006).
Naumann E, Carpentier YA, Saebo A, Lassel TS, Chardigny JM, Sebedio JL, Mensink RP. Cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) do not affect the plasma lipoprotein profile in moderately overweight subjects with LDL phenotype B. Atherosclerosis 188(1):167–174 (2006).
Pinkoski C, Chilibeck PD, Candow DG, Esliger D, Ewaschuk JB, Facci M, Farthing JP, Zello GA. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise 38(2):339–348 (2006).
Raff M, Tholstrup T, Sejrsen K, Straarup EM, Wiinberg N. Diets rich in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid have no effect on blood pressure and isobaric arterial elasticity in healthy young men. J. Nutr. 136(4):992–997 (2006).
Rosell M, Hakansson NN, Wolk A. Association between dairy food consumption and weight change over 9 y in 19,352 perimenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84(6):1481–1488 (2006).
Salas-Salvado J, Marquez-Sandoval F, Bullo M. Conjugated linoleic acid intake in humans: A systematic review focusing on its effect on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 46(6):479–488 (2006).
Shahin AM, McGuire MK, Anderson N, Williams J, McGuire MA. Effects of margarine and butter consumption on distribution of trans-1 8:1 fatty acid isomers and conjugated linoleic acid in major serum lipid classes in lactating women. Lipids 41(2):141–147 (2006).
Taylor JSW, Williams SRP, Rhys R, James P, Frenneaux MP. Conjugated linoleic acid impairs endothelial function. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vascular Biol. 26(2):307–312 (2006).
Tholstrup T, Raff M, Basu S, Nonboe P, Sejrsen K, Straarup EM. Effects of butter high in ruminant trans and monounsaturated fatty acids on lipoproteins, incorporation of fatty acids into lipid classes, plasma C-reactive protein, oxidative stress, hemostatic variables, and insulin in healthy young men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83(2):237–243 (2006).
Toomey S, McMonagle J, Roche HM. Conjugated linoleic acid: a functional nutrient in the different pathophysiological components of the metabolic syndrome? Current Opinion Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 9(6):740–747 (2006).
Torres AG, Ney JG, Meneses F, Trugo NMF. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in breast milk are associated with plasma non-esterified and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in lactating women. Brit. J. Nutr. 95(3):517–524 (2006).
Tricon S, Burdge GC, Jones EL, Russell JJ, El-Khazen S, Moretti E, Hall WL, Gerry AB, Leake DS, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Calder PC, Yaqoob P. Effects of dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid on the blood lipid profile in healthy middle-aged men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83(4):744–753 (2006).
Tricon S, Yaqoob P. Conjugated linoleic acid and human health: a critical evaluation of the evidence. Curr. Opinion Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 9(2):105–110 (2006).
Turpeinen AM, Barlund S, Freese R, Lawrence P, Brenna JT. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on linoleic and linolenic acid metabolism in man. Brit. J. Nutr. 95(4):727–733 (2006).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Animals: Laboratory Animals, Companion Animals return to top

Arbones-Mainar JM, Navarro MA, Acin S, Guzman MA, Arnal C, Surra JC, Carnicer R, Roche HM, Osada J. Trans-10, cis-12-and cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid isomers selectively modify HDL-apolipoprotein composition in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J. Nutr. 136(2):353–359 (2006).
Arbones-Mainar JM, Navarro MA, Guzman MA, Arnal C, Surra JC, Acin S, Carnicer R , Osada J, Roche HM. Selective effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 189(2):318–327 (2006).
Aydin R, Cook ME. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid to control the population of wild bird species considered a pest. J. Wildlife Management 70(6):1786–1788 (2006).
Bergamo P, Luongo D, Maurano F, Mazzarella G, Stefanile R, Rossi M. Conjugated linoleic acid enhances glutathione synthesis and attenuates pathological signs in MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice. J. Lipid Res. 47(11):2382–2391 (2006).
Bhattacharya A, Rahman MM, McCarter R, O'Shea M, Fernandes G. Conjugated linoleic acid and chromium lower body weight and visceral fat mass in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Lipids 41(5):437–444 (2006).
Bissonauth V, Chouinard Y, Marin J, Leblanc N, Richard D, Jacques H. The effects of t10,c12 CLA isomer compared with c9,t11 CLA isomer on lipid metabolism and body composition in hamsters. J. Nutr. Biochem. 17(9):597–603 (2006).
Burr LL, Taylor CG, Weiler HA. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid does not adversely affect bone mass in obese fa/fa or lean Zucker rats. Experimental Biol. Med. 231(10):1602–1609 (2006).
Butz DE, Li GM, Cook ME. t10,c12 conjugated linoleic acid induces compensatory growth after immune challenge. J. Nutr. Biochem. 17(11):735–741 (2006).
Dauchy EM, Dauchy RT, Davidson LK, Lynch DT, Krause JA, Blue LM, Sauer LA, Blask DE. Human cancer xenograft perfusion in situ in rats: A new perfusion system that minimizes delivery time and maintains normal tissue physiology and responsiveness to growth-inhibitory agents. J. Am. Assoc. Laboratory Anim. Sci. 45(3):38–44 (2006).
Degrace P, Moindrot B, Mohamed I, Gresti J, Du ZY, Chardigny JM, Sebedio JL, Clouet P. Upregulation of liver VLDL receptor and FAT/CD36 expression in LDLR-/- apoB(100/100) mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. J. Lipid Res. 47(12):2647–2655 (2006).
Faulconnier Y, Roy A, Ferlay A, Chardigny JM, Durand D, Lorenz S, Gruffat D, Chilliard Y. Effect of dietary supply of butters rich either in trans-10-18 : 1 or in trans-11-18 : 1 plus cis-9, trans-11-18 : 2 on rabbit adipose tissue and liver lipogenic activities. Brit. J. Nutr. 96(3):461–468 (2006).
Ferramosca A, Savy V, Conte L, Colombo S, Einerhand AWC, Zara V. Conjugated linoleic acid and hepatic lipogenesis in mouse: role of the mitochondrial citrate carrier. J. Lipid Res. 47(9):1994–2003 (2006).
Gottsche JR, Straarup EM. Fatty acid profiles in tissues of mice fed conjugated linoleic acid. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 108(6):468–478 (2006).
Hubbard NE, Lim D, Erickson KL. Beef tallow increases the potency of conjugated linoleic acid in the reduction of mouse mammary tumor metastasis. J. Nutr. 136(1):88–93 (2006).
Inoue N, Nagao K, Wang YM, Noguchi H, Shirouchi B, Yanagita T. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid lowered tumor necrosis factor-alpha content and altered expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle of Zucker rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54(20):7935–7939 (2006).
Jewell DE, Toll PW, Azain MJ, Lewis RD, Edwards GL. Fiber but not conjugated linoleic: Acid influences adiposity in dogs. Veterinary Therapeutics 7(2):78–85 (2006).
Kelley DS, Bartolini GL, Newman JW, Vemuri M, Mackey BE. Fatty acid composition of liver, adipose tissue, spleen, and heart of mice fed diets containing t10, c12-, and c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids 74(5):331–338 (2006).
Kim HJ, Lee KT, Lee MK, Jeon SM, Choi MS. Diacylglycerol-enriched structured lipids containing CLA and capric acid alter body fat mass and lipid metabolismin rats. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 50(3):219–228 (2006).
Korniluk K, Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J. The concentration of conjugated linoleic acid isomers and their metabolites in the abdominal fat of rats. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 15:61-64 Suppl. 1 (2006).
Korniluk K, Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J, Mieczkowska A, Taciak M, Leng L. Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers and selenium on growth, feed efficiency, and liver fatty acid profile in rats. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 15(1):131–146 (2006).
LaRosa PC, Miner J, Xia YN, Zhou Y, Kachman S, Fromm ME. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid causes inflammation and delipidation of white adipose tissue in mice: a microarray and histological analysis. Physiol. Genomics 27(3):282–294 (2006).
Lee HY, Park JH, Seok SH, Baek MW, Kim DJ, Lee KE, Paek KS, Lee Y, Park JH. Human originated bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60, produce conjugated linoleic acid and show anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1761(7):736–744 (2006).
Leray V, Dumon H, Martin L, Siliart B, Sergheraert R, Biourge V, Nguyen P. No effect of conjugated linoleic acid or Garcinia cambogia on fat-free mass, and energy expenditure in normal cats. J. Nutr. 136(7):1982S–1984S Suppl. S (2006).
Li GM, Butz D, Dong BY, Park Y, Pariza MW, Cook ME. Selective conjugated fatty acids inhibit guinea pig platelet aggregation. European J. Pharmacol. 545(2–3):93–99 (2006).
Lund P, Sejrsen K, Straarup EM. Incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid into lipids from rat tissues and plasma. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 108(12):991-998 (2006).
McCarthy DO, Graves E. Conjugated linoleic acid preserves muscle mass in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma, but not the B16 melanoma. Res. Nursing Health 29(2):98–104 (2006).
Mirand PP, Mosoni L, Arnal-Bagnard MA, Faulconnier Y, Chardigny JM, Chilliard Y. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid has limited effects on tissue protein anabolism in sedentary and exercising adult rats. Reproduction Nutr. Development 46(6):621–632 (2006).
Navarro V, Miranda J, Churruca I, Fernandez-Quintela A, Rodriguez VM, Portillo MP. Effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on body fat and serum lipids in young and adult hamsters. J. Physiol. Biochem. 62(2):81–87 (2006).
Nestel P, Fujii A, Allen T. The cis-9,trans-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) lowers plasma triglyceride and raises HDL cholesterol concentrations but does not suppress aortic atherosclerosis in diabetic apoE-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 189(2):282–287 (2006).
Niedzwiedzka KM, Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J. The influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers on the essential amino acid profile in rats. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 15:69-72 Suppl. 1 (2006).
Niedzwiedzka KM, Wasowska I, Czauderna M, Kowalczyk J, Pastuszewska B. The influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers and Se on the fatty acid profile in rat blood plasma and selected tissues. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 15(3):471–489 (2006).
Noto A, Zahradka P, Yurkova N, Xie XP, Nitschmann E, Ogborn M, Taylor CG. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces hepatic steatosis, improves liver function, and favorably modifies lipid metabolism in obese insulin-resistant rats. Lipids 41(2):179–188 (2006).
Park HS, Chun CS, Kim S, Lae Y, Park JHY. Dietary trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acids induce apoptosis in the colonic mucosa of rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. J. Med. Food 9(1):22–27 (2006).
Payne ET, Yasuda N, Bourgeois JM, Devries MC, Rodriguez MC, Yousuf J, Tarnopolsky MA. Nutritional therapy improves function and complements corticosteroid intervention in mdx mice. Muscle Nerve 33(1):66–77 (2006).
Plourde M, Sergiel JP, Chardigny JM, Gregoire S, Angers P, Sebedio JL. Absorption and metabolism of conjugated alpha-linolenic acid given as free fatty acids or triacylglycerols in rats. Nutr. Metab. 3:8 (2006).
Poirier H, Shapiro JS, Kim RJ, Lazar MA. Nutiritional supplementation with trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid induces inflammation of white adipose tissue. Diabetes 55(6):1634–1641 (2006).
Porsgaard T, Xu XB, Mu HL. The form of dietary conjugated linoleic acid does not influence plasma and liver triacylglycerol concentrations in Syrian golden hamsters. J. Nutr. 136(8):2201–2206 (2006).
Sakai Y, Sasahira T, Ohmori H, Yoshida K, Kuniyasu H. Conjugated linoleic acid reduced metastasized LL2 tumors in mouse peritoneum. Virchows Archiv 449(3):341–347 (2006).
Simon E, Macarulla MT, Churruca I, Fernandez-Quintela A, Portillo MP. trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated linoleic acid prevents adiposity but not insulin resistance induced by an atherogenic diet in hamsters. J. Nutr. Biochem. 17(2):126–131 (2006).
Suzuki R, Yasui Y, Kohno H, Miyamoto S, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Tanaka T. Catalpa seed oil rich in 9t,11t,13c-conjugated linolenic acid suppresses the development of colonic aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane in rats. Oncology Reports 16(5):989–996 (2006).
Tappia PS, Mangat R, Gabriel C, Dent MR, Aroutiounova N, Weiler H. Gender differences in the cardiac response to dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 84(2):257–264 (2006).
Toomey S, Harhen B, Roche HM, Fitzgerald D, Belton O. Profound resolution of early atherosclerosis with conjugated linoleic acid. Athersclerosis 187(1):40–49 (2006).
Tsuzuki T, Kawakami Y, Abe R, Nakagawa K, Koba K, Imamura J, Iwata T, Ikeda I, Miyazawa T. Conjugated linolenic acid is slowly absorbed in rat intestine, but quickly converted to conjugated linoleic acid. J. Nutr. 136(8):2153–2159 (2006).
Tsuzuki T, Kawakami Y, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T. Conjugated docosahexaenoic acid inhibits lipid accumulation in rats. J. Nutr. Biochem. 17(8):518–524 (2006).
Turpeinen AM, von Willebrand E, Salminen I, Linden J, Basu S, Rai D. Effects of cis-9,trans-11 CLA in rats at intake levels reported for breast-fed infants. Lipids 41(7):669–677 (2006).
Valeille K, Ferezou J, Parquet M, Amsler G, Gripois D, Quignard-Boulange A, Martin JC. The natural concentration of the conjugated linoleic acid, cis-9,trans-11 in milk fat has antiatherogenic effects in hyperlipidemic hamsters. J. Nutr. 136(5):1305–1310 (2006).
Viswanadha S, McGilliard ML, Herbein JH. Desaturation indices in liver, muscle, and bone of growing male and female mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids 41(8):763–770 (2006).
Wang YM, Nagao K, Inoue N, Ujino Y, Shimada Y, Nagao T, Iwata T, Kamegai T, Yamauchi-Sato Y, Yanagita T. Isomer-specific anti-obese and hypolipidemic properties of conjugated linoleic acid in obese OLETF rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 70(2):355–362 (2006).
Wendel AA, Belury MA. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and troglitazone on lipid accumulation and composition in lean and Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) rats. Lipids 41(3):241–247 (2006).
Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ, Saati A, Kotyla T, Kritchevsky D. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers reduce blood cholesterol levels but not aortic cholesterol accumulation in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Lipids 41(1):41–48 (2006).
Winzell MS, Pacini G, Ahren B. Insulin secretion after dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in normal and insulin-resistant mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 290(2):E347–E354 (2006).
Yamasaki M, Kitagawa T, Koyanagi N, Chujo H, Maeda H, Kohno-Murase J, Imamura J, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Dietary effect of pomegranate seed oil on immune function and lipid metabolism in mice. Nutrition 22(1):54–59 (2006).
Zabala A, Churruca I, Fernandez-Quintela A, Rodriguez VM, Macarulla MT, Martinez JA, Portillo MP. trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid inhibits lipoprotein lipase but increases the activity of lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue from hamsters fed an atherogenic diet. Brit. J. Nutr. 95(6):1112–1119 (2006).
Zabala A, Fernandez-Quintela A, Macarulla MT, Simon E, Rodriguez VM, Navarro V, Portillo MP. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on skeletal muscle triacylglycerol metabolism in hamsters. Nutrition 22(5):528–533 (2006).
Zabala A, Portillo MP, Macarulla MT, Rodriguez VM, Fernandez-Quintela A. Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers on liver and adipose tissue fatty acid profile in hamsters. Lipids 41(11):993-1001 (2006).

Physiological Effects of CLA in Animals: Food/Farm Animals return to top

Aydin R. The effect of dietary oils in prevention of conjugated linoleic acid-induced embryo mortality in fertile eggs from artificially inseminated chickens. Turkish J. Veterinary Anim. Sci. 30(1):121–126 (2006).
Aydin R, Karaman M, Toprak HHC, Ozugur AK, Aydin D, Cicek T. The effect of long-term feeding of conjugated linoleic acid on fertility in Japanese quail. South African J. Anim. Sci. 36(2):99–104 (2006).
Bandarra NM, Nunes ML, Andrade AM, Prates JAM, Pereira S, Monteiro M, Rema P, Valente LMP. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on muscle, liver and visceral lipid deposition in rainbow trout juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 254(1-4):496–505 (2006).
Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R. CLA and n-3 PUFA differentially modulate clinical activity and colonic PPAR-responsive gene expression in a pig model of experimental IBD. Clin. Nutr. 25(3):454–465 (2006).
Bolukbasi SC. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on broiler performance, serum lipoprotein content, muscle fatty acid composition and meat quality during refrigerated storage. Brit. Poultry Sci. 47(4):470–476 (2006).
Castro N, Capote J, Martin D, Arguello A. The influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on blood serum and colostrum immunoglobulin G concentration in female goats before and after parturition. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 90(9-10):429–431 (2006).
Corino C, Pastorelli G, Douard V, Rossi R, Musella M, Mourot J. Conjugated linoleic acid in pig nutrition. Productions Animales 19(1):39–46 (2006).
Gulati SK, McGrath S, Wynn PC, Thomson PC, Scott TW. Rumen protected fat reverses the conjugated linoleic acid induced low milk fat content in dairy cows. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 86(1):63–70 (2006).
Harvatine KJ, Bauman DE. SREBP1 and thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 (S14) are involved in the regulation of bovine mammary lipid synthesis during diet-induced milk fat depression and treatment with CLA. J. Nutr. 136(10):2468–2474 (2006).
Kay JK, Roche JR, Moore CE, Baumgard LH. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on production and metabolic parameters in transition dairy cows grazing fresh pasture. J. Dairy Res. 73(3):367–377 (2006).
Kennedy SR, Leavera MJ, Campbell PJ, Zheng XZ, Dick JR, Tocher DR. Influence of dietary oil content and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid metabolism enzyme activities and gene expression in tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Lipids 41(5):423–436 (2006).
Leaver MJ, Tocher DR, Obach A, Jensen L, Henderson RJ, Porter AR, Krey G . Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid composition, metabolism and gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) tissues. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Molec Integrative Physiol. 145(2):258–267 (2006).
Lock AL, Teles BM, Perfield JW, Bauman DE, Sinclair LA. A conjugated linoleic acid supplement containing trans-10, cis-12 reduces milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 89(5):1525–1532 (2006).
Martin D, Ruiz J, Flores M, Toldra F. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid content on pig muscle and adipose tissue lipase and esterase activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54(24):9241–9247 (2006).
Muma E, Palander S, Nasi M, Pfeiffer AM, Keller T, Griinari JM. Modulation of conjugated linoleic acid-induced loss of chicken egg hatchability by dietary soybean oil. Poultry Sci. 85(4):712–720 (2006).
Perfield JW, Delmonte P, Lock AL, Yurawecz MP, Bauman DE. Trans-10, trans-12 conjugated linoleic acid does not affect milk fat yield but reduces Delta(9)-desaturase index in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89(7):2559–2566 (2006).
Roh SG, Hishikawa D, Hong YH, Sasaki S. Control of adipogenesis in ruminants. Review. Anim. Sci. J. 77(5):472–477 (2006).
Suksombat W, Samitayotin S, Lounglawan P. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in layer diet on fatty acid compositions of egg yolk and layer performances. Poultry Sci. 85(9):1603–1609 (2006).
Weber TE, Richert BT, Belury MA, Gu Y, Enright K, Schinckel AP. Evaluation of the effects of dietary fat, conjugated linoleic acid, and ractopamine on growth performance, pork quality, and fatty acid profiles in genetically lean gilts. J. Am. Sci. 84(3):720–732 (2006).
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