Literature cited

1. National Commission on Excellence in Education. A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 1983.

2. American Chemical Society. Education Policies for National Survival. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1989.

3. Coalition for Education in the Life Sciences. 1991 National Life Science Education Summit. Washington, D.C.: CELS, 1991. [Sponsored by the S.C. Johnson Foundation and organized by the American Society for Microbiology, this report describes a conference held at the Wingspread Conference Center, calling for the establishment of a life science network, named the Coalition for Education in the Life Sciences (CELS).]

4. Coalition for Education in the Life Sciences. National Life Science Education Conference II. Washington, D.C.: CELS, 1992. [This report describes a second conference that brought together representatives of many professional societies to improve life sciences education. It contains the document now referred to as the "Issues-Based Framework for Bio 101."]

5. National Science Foundation. Shaping the Future: New Expectations for Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology. Arlington, Va.: National Science Foundation, 1996.

6. Shulman, L.S. "Teaching as Community Property: Putting an End to Pedagogical Solitude." Change (November/December 1993).

7. Fink, R. ed. A Dozen Eggs, Time-Lapse Microscopy of Normal Development. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 1991. [This videotape was produced and distributed by Sinauer Associates for the Society for Developmental Biology.]

8. Bergey, D.H. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Arranged by a committee of the Society of American Bacteriologists. First Edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1923.

9. Gilbert, S.F. Developmental Biology. First Edition. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 1985.

10. Lehninger, A.L. Biochemistry. First Edition. New York: Worth Publishers, Inc., 1970.

11. GenBank genetic sequence database, an annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences worldwide. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).

12. Rice, R.E. Making a Place for the New American Scholar. Washington, D.C.: American Association for Higher Education, 1996.

13. McNeal, A.P. and D'Avanzo, C., eds. Student-Active Science: Models of Innovation in College Science Teaching. Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1997. [Pages vii - x show three pictorial models for undergraduate science reform. The rainbow and the pond, the hub and spokes, and the living membrane depict concept maps that incorporate current ideas for reform in undergraduate science education.]

14. Sch–n, D.A. "The New Scholarship Requires a New Epistemology." Change (November/December 1995): 27-34.

15. Project Kaleidoscope. What Works: Building Natural Science Communities. A Plan for Strengthening Undergraduate Science and Mathematics. Washington, D.C.: Project Kaleidoscope, 1991.

16. National Research Council. From Analysis to Action: Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1996.

17. Boyer Commission on Educating Undergraduates in the Research University. Reinventing Undergraduate Education: A Blueprint for America's Research Universities. Stony Brook, N.Y.: Boyer Commission, 1998.